A Map of the Vega System

 This map by Todd Klein of the Vega System in the DC Universe appeared in a color version in Omega Men (vol 1) #33. This black and white version I believe appeared in the DC Heroes Roleplaying Game supplement Atlas of the DC Universe (1990).

Will the Pre-Crisis Legion Ever All Get Collected?

The collection strategies of the Big Two for hardcovers/trades annoys me at times. Let's use for an example the Legion of Super-Heroes, Pre-Crisis since that's the only Legion era I really care about. 

You've got multiple ways to read the Silver Age/early Bronze Age Legion stuff, though several are out of print. The Showcase Presents volumes carry you up to Superboy #220 (1976), the archives to Superboy and the Legion of Super-Heroes #233 (1977), but the omnibuses (the most recent format) only carry you to Superman's Pal, Jimmy Olsen #106 (1967).

If you had the archives, you could then pick up with Superboy and the Legion of Super-Heroes Vol. 1 and 2, which would carry you through DC Comics Presents #14 (1979). If you only have the omnibuses, you've got a gap of 12 years.

Either way, you would next go the Legion of Super-Heroes: Before the Darkness Vol. 1-2. This carries you through stories in 1982 and Legion of Super-Heroes #283. If you followed that up with Legion of Super-Heroes: The Great Darkness Saga trade you'd have a gap of 3 issues. If you sprang for the Deluxe Edition hardcover, it has those issues, and you're covered to issue 296 (1983).

Next, you would pick out Legion of Super-Heroes: The Curse, and if you got the Deluxe Edition, that will carry you up to issue 313 (1984), and the launch of a new Legion title. That's Legion of Super-Heroes vol. 3 and there were two slim trades of that volume in 2007 and 2008. That would get you up to issue 13 of that series and 1985. Pre-Crisis, this series continues until about issue 27 (or maybe Annual 2) both of which are in 1986. So, 14 issues of the main title plus some limits and annuals uncollected.

And then there's the old Legion title (what was volume 2) that became Tales of the Legion during this period. None of the material from 314-325 (after which it becomes a reprint book) has been collected!

Why so many formats? And why the gaps?

Attack of the (Star Wars) Comics Clones

The cultural phenomenon that is Star Wars had an effect on comic books, even in its first decade. Despite my pithy title, it's unfair to call these guys clones exactly, but some sort of force is clearly with them. Since science fiction comics and Star Wars draw on some of the same influences, it's not always easy to know what is Star Wars inspired and what isn't. Chaykin's Ironwolf had a rebel fighting a galactic empire in '74--3 years before Star Wars. Still, if one looks at Chaykin's followup Cody Starbuck (also '74) the pre-Star Wars appearances have the look of Flash Gordon and the widespread swordplay of Dune. In the post-Star Wars appearances, costumes have a bit more Japanese influence and guns are more in play; both of these are possibly Star Wars inspired innovations.

Star Hunters (1977)
Empire? A sinister Corporation that controls Earth
Rebels? Sort of, though the protagonists start out forced to work for the Corporation
The Force? There's an "Entity" and a cosmic battle between good and evil
Analogs? Donovan Flint, the primary protagonist, is a Han Solo type with a mustache prefiguring Lando's.
Notes: If Star Hunters is indeed Star Wars inspired, its a very early example. The series hit the stands in June of 1977--on a few days over a month after Star Wars was released.

Micronauts (1979)
Empire? A usurpation of the monarchy of Homeworld.
Rebels? Actually previous rulers and loyalists; a mix of humans, humanoids, and robots.
The Force? The Enigma Force, in fact.
Analogs? Baron Karza is a black armored villain like Vader; Marionette is a can-do Princess; Biotron and Microtron are a humanoid robot and a squatter, less humanoid pairing like Threepio and Artoo.

Metamorphosis Odyssey (1980)
Empire? The Zygoteans, who have concurred most of the galaxy.
Rebels? A disparate band from various worlds out to end the Zygotean menace.
The Force? There's Starlin cosmicness.
Analogs? Aknaton is an old mystic who know's he's going to die a la Obi-Wan. He picks up Dreadstar on a backwater planet and gets him an energy sword.

Dreadstar (1982)
Empire? Two! The Monarchy and the Instrumentality.
Rebels? Yep. A band of humans and aliens out to defeat the Monarchy and the Instrumentality.
The Force? Magic and psychic abilities.
Analogs? Dreadstar still has than energy sword; Oedi is a farm boy (cat) like Luke; Syzygy is a mystic mentor like Kenobi; Lord High Papal is like Vader and Palpatine in one.
Notes: Dreadstar is a continuation of the story from Metamorphosis Odyssey.

Atari Force (1984)
Empire? Nope.
Rebels? Not especially.
The Force? Some characters have special powers.
Analogs? Tempest is a blond kid with a special power and a difficult relationship with his father sort of like Luke. There are a lot of aliens in the series, so there's a "cantina scene" vibe; Blackjak is a Han Solo-esque rogue. Dark Destroyer is likely Vader-inspired, appearance-wise.
Notes: This series sequel to the original series DC did for Atari, taking place about 25 years later. The first series is not very Star Wars-y.

Warlord by Mike Grell Omnibus Vol. 1

We finally have a solicitation for the Warlord Omnibus mentioned back in the fall. It supposedly only has a price of $75.00, which seems low given the page count (1040 pages).

In any case, it's supposed to include 1st Issue Special #8, Warlord #1-50, and Amazing World of DC Comics #12. For a volume 2 (if there is one) that leaves the non-backup stories from Warlord #52-71 (#51 is a reprint), Warlord Annual #1, Warlord (1992 limited series) #1-6, and Warlord (2009) #1-16 for a total of around 1005 pages in that one, by my count.

Comics I Liked This Week

 Not all of these were new last week, but that's when I got around to reading 'em!

Absolute Martian Manhunter #1: I a fan of Martian Manhunter and particularly a fan of new interpretations of the character from the DeMatteis/Badger limited series, to American Secrets, to the underappreciated series by Orlando and Rossmo. This title sits firmly in that tradition with a first issue that is something like the traditional origin of Martian Manhunter meets Shade, the Changing Girl, and I dig it.

An FBI agent, Jones, is nearly killed in a bombing and since he's been having hallucinations and seems disconnected from his life. As he (against orders) investigates the bomber and tries to make sense of his motives he discovers the was only saved by somehow bonding with an alien intelligence. Or possibly that Other is a manifestation of something already within him--maybe his own mind? At this point, it's unclear. Deniz Camp's story is intriguing and well done, but I feel like the really star here is the psychedelic art of Javier Rodriguez, that reminds me of the pop art inspired comics work of Guy Pellaert or Alberto Solsona.

Bug Wars #1: This one is on issue 2, I think. Slade Slaymaker, along with his brother and mother, is forced to move back into the home where his entomologist father died a grisly death. It's a home with secrets. Not the least of which is that there are warring tribes of diminutive insect-riding humanoids having epic battles in the unkept backyard!

Ad copy calls this "Honey, I Shrunk the Kids meets Conan" but I feel like Aaron and Asrar are fulfilling the promise of Sword of Atom or the Hulk stories set in Jarella's world in a gritter, modern way.

The Seasons #1: This title from Remender and Azceta is actually on issue 3 now. The series is set in an alternate 1920s (I think).   A decade ago, the parents of the Seasons sisters disappeared. Now Autumn has discovered where they might be, and how it might be connected to a creepy carnival that has just arrived in New Gaullia where Spring Seasons is. Will Spring be able to avoid falling prey to the carnival's clowns?

Remender said that they wanted to do something that paid homage to "paid homage to Tintin, Miyazaki, Winsor McCay, and Jeff Smith’s Bone." I feel like those influences are very much on display in the style and setting of the first issue. There's also a tinge of horror lurking in the background that adds intrigue to the whimsy.

Denny O'Neil's Bat-Bible

In 2021, Scott Peterson, writer and former assistant editor to Denny O'Neil, posted O'Neil's Batman Bible from 1989. It was a writer's guide to the character and his world for that era of comics and from the perspective of O'Neil.

Obviously, the mythos has evolved over that time and some of O'Neil's takes would not have been universally accepted by other writers at the time (like, "he never kills"), but it's a good distillation of the understanding of the character and his world from a man who did a whole lot to shape that mythos over the years.

Check it out here.

Collections I'd Like to See

 There are so many runs in the Bronze and early Modern Ages of comics that haven't been collected or haven't been collected recently. Here are five I'd really like to see:

Dominic Fortune: This 30s pulp adventurer created by Howard Chaykin also managed to have some adventures in the modern day. Chaykin even came back and did a series in the 00s but let's end this collection in the 80s. Includes material from Marvel Preview #2, Marvel Super Action #1, and The Hulk! #21-25; Marvel Premiere #56, Marvel Team-Up #120, Web of Spider-Man #10, and Iron Man #212-213.

DC Comics Presents: While we're on the subject of Superman, where's our Superman: DC Comics Presents Bronze Age Omnibus? Sure, the series was collected in Showcase Presents volumes, but we need them in color omnibus to balance the Batman team-ups in Brave and the Bold. I don't know how many omnibuses it would take, but we need the whole series: DC Comics Presents #1-97 and annuals #1-4.

Nth Man: The Ultimate Ninja: This one isn't likely to be high on most people's lists (it was meant to last 24 issues but only went 16), but I appreciated what Hama and Wagner were trying to accomplish, which was something like G.I. Joe meets Akira. Even if it's a failure, it's an interesting one and deserves to be seen by more eyeballs! A collection could include material from Marvel Comics Presents #25, Nth Man #1-16, and Excalibur (vol. 1) #27.

Superman and the Forgotten Heroes: The Forgotten Heroes, a minor team in the 80s of short-run characters from the Silver Age, are once again, mostly forgotten--except maybe for Animal Man, whose inclusion I'd argue help raised his profile for better days to come. This would include Action Comics #545, 552-553, and DC Comics Presents #77-78. It could be rounded out with earlier Bronze Age appearances of the individual characters with or without Superman: Showcase #100, Detective Comics #486, Wonder Woman #268, Action Comics #536, and Action Comics #540.

Cover mockup by Catspaw Dynamics

Barren Earth: This sci-fi epic by Gary Cohn and Ron Randall about the survivor of an expedition of spacefaring humans to a post-apocalyptic Earth working to reunite the remnants of humanity ran as backups in Warlord, then got a limited to tie things up. It has never been collected. A collection should include material from Warlord (first series) 63-74 and 76-88, Who's Who vol. 1 #2, and Conquerors of the Barren Earth #1-4. 

Late Bronze Age Superman

In my readings of 80s DC Comics from 1980 to Crisis, I've noticed DC slowly shedding its Bronze Age character and developing greater similarities with Marvel--at least as far as mainstream superhero titles. In some important ways DC fostered experimentation that would be instrumental in establishing the "modern age" of comics. But as titles like Firestorm, the Teen Titans, and to some degree Justice League of America become less distinguishable from Marvel's output, I feel like Superman retains a character uniquely its own.

It's hard precisely to define. I think Marvel boosters would pounce on the Swan art and the plots based on tricks or surprise reveals and say they're old fashion--and sure, those things are holdovers from earlier eras. But the content of these stories hasn't stayed static. Superman doesn't become grim or gritty by any means, but the sophistication of its plot elements or concepts is no less than the average of other DC or Marvel Comics of the era. 

What's most noticeable is that there is less violence in the Superman titles than probably any title at Marvel or the more Marvel-like DC titles. This doesn't mean there isn't any action. Superman is all the time doing some sort of physical feat and he does fight with villains/threats, but violence is seldom the solution and sometimes Superman takes the course of taking some licks instead of fighting back.

The oft-repeated belief of a lot of (non-Superman) fans is that it's hard to tell stories with him because he's too powerful, too strong. I don't think this is the case. Let's be honest: handbook-style strength quantification is a new thing and a haphazardly applied one. Any strength-as-their-main-schtick character has fairly broad parameters to be as strong or as weak as they need to be for any given story. The Hulk is no less "strong" in the narrative sense than is Superman. If the writers wanted Superman to be "the strongest there is" they could throw a whole bunch of punch 'em up villains at him of escalating levels of astronomical strength. It's not like that has never happened in Superman's history, but that isn't the approach taken in these years by Wolfman, Bates, and Maggin, and I think they are perhaps wise for not doing so.

 That sort of story wouldn't really showcase Superman as a guy defined more by not using overwhelming force. He's Superman, not Strongman. She instead, they write stories where super-strength can be displayed and may even be useful but isn't the best solution. Superman overcomes his obstacles by smart and judicious application of his powers. He couldn't prevail without them, but neither their multiplicity nor potency is the primary factor.

The other thing is they aren't afraid to have allies show up and make trouble for him. Occasionally Superman engages in the old trope of fighting another hero, but usually he's taking their blows to by time to figure out what's going on. The arrival of Vartox or deep cuts like Valdemar takes some diplomacy on Superman's part. He can't just beat them to unconsciousness and call it a day.

All of this sort of went away to a large degree with the Byrne revamp, I feel like. Could this have been viable, alternative style for a modern Superman? I'm not sure. 

DC Comics in 1983 (part 2)

Here are links to second half of my week-by-week reviews of the DC Comics published in 1983 by cover date. It was a real turning point that saw new characters, new directions, and a lot of experiment. Part 1 was last week.

• October 1983 (week 1)
• October 1983 (week 2)
• October 1983 (week 3)
• October 1983 (week 4)
• November 1983 (week 1)
• November 1983 (week 2)
• November 1983 (week 3)
• November 1983 (week 4)
• December 1983 (week 1)
• December 1983 (week 2)
• December 1983 (week 3)
• December 1983 (week 4)
• January 1984 (week 1)
• January 1984 (week 2)
• January 1984 (week 3)
• January 1984 (week 4)
• February 1984 (week 1)
• February 1984 (week 2)
• February 1984 (week 3)
• February 1984 (week 4)
• March 1984 (week 1)
• March 1984 (week 2)
• March 1984 (week 3)
• March 1984 (week 4)

DC Comics in 1983 (part 1)

1983 in many ways was an important year for DC Comics. New superheroes titles (Batman & the Outsiders, Omega Men, and Infinity, Inc.) with some new characters hit the stands in the wake of the success of New Teen Tians. At the same time, they took chances with different content in various (mostly limited) series (Ronin, Camelot 3000, Amethyst: Princess of Gemworld, Thriller, Nathaniel Dusk). And of course, a British writer by the name of Alan Moore took over the writing of Saga of Swamp Thing.

Here are links to my week-by-week reviews of the DC Comics published in the first 6 months of 1983 by cover date:

• April 1983 (week 1)
• April 1983 (week 2)
• April 1983 (week 3)
• April 1983 (week 4)
• May 1983 (week 1)
• May 1983 (week 2)
• May 1983 (week 3)
• May 1983 (week 4)
• June 1983 (week 1)
• June 1983 (week 2)
• June 1983 (week 3)
• June 1983 (week 4)
• July 1983 (week 1)
• July 1983 (week 2)
• July 1983 (week 3)
• July 1983 (week 4)
• August 1983 (week 1)
• August 1983 (week 2)
• August 1983 (week 3)
• August 1983 (week 4)
• September 1983 (week 1)
• September 1983 (week 2)
• September 1983 (week 3)
• September 1983 (week 4)

Comics for Christmas

I hope everyone is having a good holiday season, whatever you celebrate. My holiday gifts included several comics related items as did a few peri-holiday purchases for myself. Here's the haul:

DC Comics Style Guide. This one I had pre-ordered some months ago, but it happened to show up in the week or so prior to Christmas. It is gorgeous, though with the material available digitally online, it's prior not as revelatory as it would have been a decade ago. Still very glad to have it.

Mighty Marvel Calendar Book. I got this one as a gift. It's an imposing tome, prompting my inlaws to wonder if I had a shelf big enough! There were more Marvel calendars in the late 70s-early 80s than I realized and its good to see them all in this format. I wish we would get a DC volume, too.

American Comic Book Chronicles. This full-color hardcover series from TwoMorrows is a great overview of comics history. Just before the holiday I picked up the newly released 1945-1949 volume, but while I was ordering I also snagged the only other volume I didn't have, the 1990s.

Spinner Rack Flashback: Star Light, Star Bright

This week, we conclude our look at the DC holiday anthology Super-Star Holiday Special from 1980...

Super-Star Holiday Special

DC Special Series #21

Cover Date: Spring 1980

On Sale Date: December 6, 1979

Editor: Len Wein

Cover by José Luis García-López

Synopsis: The next tale begins in a "realm we only visit in our darkest nightmares." A weird world, particularly on Christmas--the world of DC's horror anthology hosts, brought to us by Bob Rozakis with Romeo Tanghal/Dan Adkins on art.

The horror hosts are gathered for in the House of Secrets, waiting for Santa Claus to arrive and they (surprise) get into an argument about how can tell the best Christmas story: The Witches Three (from The Witching Hour) tell a story of a family saved from a shipwreck in the fog by the light of a star. Cain, caretaker of the House of Mystery, spins the next yarn where a greedy pawnbroker makes a deal with a mysterious stranger for all the goods in his shop for a diamond. The diamond turns into a lump of coal and the stranger is revealed to be Santa Claus. Finally, Destiny steps up to tell a shaggy dog story about a rocket pilot chasing a strange star in the future, only to break the time barrier as his own ship burns up...

"The Longest Night"

Written by Robert Kanigher; Art by Dick Ayers & Romeo Tanghal

Next, we go to December 1941 to see if maybe Christmas is easy in Easy Company for Sgt. Rock and his boys. Turns out "no." Easy is on its way to the Italian town of Santa Maria. When their compass is destroyed by a German, they have to rely on an unusually bright star to guide them. They meet a group of pilgrims with candles led by a nun on the way of to the Shrine of Saint Maria. Rock realizes:

They meet a kid who is living in the bombed-out city who doesn't believe in miracles. Long story short, by the end of the story the kid does. Though it takes Easy Company killing a number of Germans and Rock blowing out the shrine's statute of Santa Maria first.

"Star Light, Star Bright... Farthest Star I See Tonight"

Written by Paul Levitz; Art by José Luis García-López & Dick Giordano

Finally, we head to 2979, where Superboy learns the meaning of the season from the Legion of Super-Heroes. It's Christmas Eve and the Legionnaires are cheerful and celebratory, but Superboy just can't get into it.

Even after being shown various celebrations, Superboy still isn't satisfied, so the Legion heads out in space to find the Christmas star to mollify him. As you would expect by now, a phantom star leads them to a planet where aliens are in dire need of rescue. After do-gooding, they still have time for a little cheer:

Spinner Rack Flashback: DC Special Series #21

Super-Star Holiday Special

DC Special Series #21

Cover Date: Spring 1980

On Sale Date: December 6, 1979

Editor: Len Wein

Cover by José Luis García-López

Synopsis: Len Wein tells it like this:

Iffy history aside, it's a good enough intro for 4 seasonal tales in the DC universe. 

First up, Jonah Hex:

"The Fawn and the Star" 

Written by Michael Fleisher, art by Dick Ayers & Romeo Tanghal

It's Christmas eve, and Jonah Hex is after the Tull brothers across the snowy wilderness. He comes across a little girl and her father fighting over whether to kill a fawn with a hurt leg. Uncharacteristically, Hex sides with the girl and even bandages the animal's wound. To mollify the father, Hex agrees to get him something else for the family's Christmas meal. Maybe Hex's show of softness is due to a similar episode in his childhood. He saves a raccoon from a trap and nursed it back to health in the family barn. When his father found it, it wound up on the families dinner table.

Hex follows the bright star in the south and comes to a cave. The Tull boys are hiding there. In a firefight, Hex blows them up with dynamite, but somehow manages not to mangle them too badly to collect his bounty or destroy their stuff--which includes a bunch of provisions for the trail he takes back to the relatively greatful family. We can only hope the Tull brothers learned the true meaning of Christmas before their deaths.

Next up, it's Christmas Eve in Gotham...

Written by Denny O'Neil, Art by Frank Miller & Steve Mitchell

Crime never takes the night off--someone even stole a star off the department store nativity scene-- but luckily neither does the Batman. He moves through the sleet-coated night to a party thrown by Matty Lasko. Lasko has a boat waiting in Gotham harbor and that's enough to raise Batman's suspicion.  After Batman roughs up some goons, Lasko tells him it was a favor for an old cell-mate: Boomer Katz.

At a soup kitchen in Crime Alley, one old timer asks another about Boomer Katz and finds out Katz has got a job as a Santa at Lee's department store. The old timer leaves an envelope surprisingly full of money, and sheds his disguise on the roof, revealing himself to be the Batman. He's certain the only reason Katz would have gotten a job at a department store is to case the joint, and Lasko must have arranged his escape. It's a shame , too; Even Batman believed Katz had finally gone straight.

At the department store, Lee is having second thoughts. When his boss praises his skill as a Santa, it brings a tear to his eye. Out by the nativity scene, he tells Fats (a bald guy that holds a cigarette holder like a German in a movie) he can't go through with it. Fats isn't cheered by this turn, and he and his goons pull guns then force Katz to get them in to the store's service entrance. They're after the store's daily receipts. When they've got them, they plan to kill Katz, but he throws a box of ornaments at the thug and runs away. He's shot in the shoulder but manages to escape.

Batman hears the shots. He bursts through the window and saves the store manager from Fats, taking him down with a small Christmas tree. The manager tells Batman how the thugs forced Katz to help them and are now trying to kill him.

Inbeknowst to Batman, the thug has his gun to Katz's head and his holding him somewhere near the nativity scene. Batman has been unable to find Katz, but ironically, he's nearby talking to a cop. Batman looks up and notices the star is back on the nativity scene and its light is shining on--Katz and his would-be killer!

Batman saves Katz and takes out the thug. And that star?

Batman is pretty unconcerned, but I guess in a world with Superman and Green Lantern and what have you, stuff happens.

The holiday spirit moves us again, next week...

Xum's Who in Print

Xum's Who is a fan expansion of the DC Who's Who by Xum Yukinori, artist, podcaster, and comics fan, who unfortunately passed away in 2019. His son Isamu completed some of Xum's unfinished entries and got them all together for a limited print run. They are gorgeous dives into forgotten corners of the Pre-Crisis DCU.

For instance, Volume I gives entries to the Earth-One Superman and Wonder Woman, characters left out previously because of the erasure of their universe.

Characters deemed too minor for the official run like the Mikaal Tomas Starman, the Teen Titan character Golden Eagle, Lady Cop, and the Batgirl villain Lady Viper get their due. There are also characters whose exclusion from the original run seems odd (Giganta) and some whose exclusion points to the agenda behind the original run's compilation (Sugar & Spike).

I'm still waiting for someone to do an entry for the Black Eagle and his squadron of Tuskegee airmen but despite that lack, Xum's Who is a great thing to have in print. 

A Warlord Omnibus at Last?

 

It's been reported on Mike Grell's website that two volumes of a Mike Grell's The Warlord Omnibus is coming in 2025. What will be in them? Well, certainly First Issue Special #8, Warlord volume 1 issues #1-71 (most of the issues after 52 were either scripted or ghost written by Sharon Grell, but Mike gets sole credit in the issues), Warlord Annual #1, and the 1992 limited series issues #1-6.

The 2006 reboot had nothing to do with Grell's series and is best forgotten. The 16 issues of the 2009 series were written by Grell (and sometimes drawn by him), so hopefully they'll will be in the 2nd omnibus. There's also a guest appearance in Green Arrow (1988) #27-28 by Grell and Jurgens that hopefully gets included.

I wish the full run of the original series was getting collected. Even though the Grell issues are my favorite, I started reading Warlord in the Burkett era/Jurgens era, so I have some nostalgia for that stuff too. Still, if having it relegated to apocrypha is how it must be to get Grell's Travis Morgan saga in omnibus format, then so be it.

A Bigger Implosion

In 2018, TwoMorrows released Comic Book Implosion by Keith Dallas and John Wells, which was an oral history of the DC's 1978 plan for an "Explosion" that ended in failure: The DC Implosion. I talked about the book here.

This year, Dallas and Wells came out with an expanded edition, this one with color. I haven't read it yet, but Amazon tells me it has "additional coverage of lost 1970s DC projects like Ninja the Invisible and an adaptation of “The Wiz,” Jim Starlin’s unaltered cover art for Batman Family #21."

I'm eager to check it out.

Notes on a Fourth World Re-read: The Persecution and Restoration of Scott Free

I think the best part of Kirby's Fourth World Saga is the arc revealing the events leading up to the current war between New Genesis and Apokopolips that begins in New Gods #7 (1971) and culminates in Mister Miracle #9 (1972). It is not really the story of a warrior, but rather that of a man who runs away from war. Scott Free is an escape artist, and what he wants to escape is others defining who he is.

Izaya the Highfather may have given his only begotten son to avoid war with New Genesis, but we see little in the way of paternal affection toward that son even after his escape. Indeed, both rulers are in a very real sense more fatherly toward the boy they fostered than the one that is actually their kin. It's Darkseid, the horrifically authoritarian parent, that seems to want Scott Free on his team and gives him a pitch like Darth Vader gave to Luke:

Perhaps Scott Free is genetically or spiritually predisposed toward goodness, but it's Himon, the inventor hiding in the slums of Apokolips, a benevolent serpent in Darkseid's anti-Eden, that puts him on the path away from being a cog in the Apokolips war machine. Himon helps him make his first and perhaps greatest escape. And that's what he does. And that's what he keeps doing.

If the new gods are actually gods, well, Mister Miracle would be the sort classified as a dying-and-rising deity, like Adonis or Tammuz--or Jesus. He's sent to Hell as an infant but escapes not to return to the Heaven of New Genesis but to go to Earth. His career (and comic) become about ritually recapitulating this act, escaping death again and again.

Scott Free in Kirby's stories is not an active participant in the gods' war. Steve Gerber, the second writer to follow Kirby on the Mister Miracle title makes explicit what Kirby only implies: Scott Free has a vision of the warring gods as racers going round and round a track. To join in is to be stuck in the loop. Scott Free's destiny, this story tells us, is to become a messiah and offer a different way. This messianic element is certainly not explicit in Kirby's issues; on the other hand, Scott Free recruits Big Barda to his defection, and she in turn brings along the Female Furies. He also gets a disciple in the form of Shilo Norman. His stage name proclaims his wondrous nature: Mister Miracle.

We'll never know where Kirby's Mister Miracle might have done, ultimately. The summer of 1972 saw the end of Kirby's run on two of his Fourth World titles, Forever People and New Gods with their 11th issues. Mister Miracle escaped their fate for a few more issues, but most aspects of Kirby's wider mythology were dropped from the title, in favor of more off-beat superheroics of the sort Kirby would bring to Captain America and Falcon and Black Panther upon his return to Marvel. Since that time, Mister Miracle, like all the New Gods characters have been stuck in that loop Gerber warned about, cycling toward different creators' visions of their Neo-Ragnarok.

Notes on a Fourth World Re-read (part 4)

The story in New Gods #7 reveals the pact that had maintained a truce between New Genesis and Apokolips and the origins of Orion and Scott Free, infants exchanged to be raised on worlds not their own. Orion became a warrior for good, albeit one constantly challenged by his nature. Scott Free was given over to Granny Goodness to be trained to conformity, perhaps to become another cog in the Apokolips machine, except that his nature wins out and he escapes. Mister Miracle #7 (1971) has Scott and Barda return to Apokolips to face the horrors of their upbringing and its architect.

The social order of Apokolips is a little hard to fathom. On one hand, we are shown Granny's fascist training camp orphan where conformity and submersion of individuality is all important. On the other hand, the villains from Apokolips bedeviling the heroes of the Fourth World titles are a diverse, even eccentric, lot. It's unclear how many of the villains we see are a product of Granny's tutelage, but certainly Virmin Vundabar and at least some of the Female Furies seem to be.

I suspect some of the Apokolipsians (Doctor Bedlam, Desaad, Kanto) are products of the older, aristocratic society of Steppenwolf and Heggra that Darkseid has transformed into a fascist state. The others are probably the most "successful" graduates of Granny's schooling. These strong-willed enough to retain some individuality, while still being conditioned for Darkseid's service. This presumably is the outcome Darkseid intended for Scott Free. Unless the irony of the son of High Father being merely a faceless grunt in his army appealed to him. This seems unlikely to me, because Darkseid seems more calculating than pointlessly cruel.

Mister Miracle #7 gives us our most extended look yet at the hell that is Apokolips. It's an armed camp emblazoned with grim, fascistic slogans. Workers are dressed something like a combination of Medieval serfs and German work camp prisoners. Here, they're attacked by Kanto, an assassin who looks like he grabbed his style from the Italian Rennaissance. He's a man of honor after a fashion. He let's Free and Barda go out of respect. His sort of evil is out of place in the more mechanized, modern Apokolips.

Notes on a Fourth World Re-read (part 3)

I had intended to talk about Mister Miracle #6 and Funky Flashman this week, but instead I read Forever People #8 (on sale February 1972), and I feel like that better encapsulates the oddness of what Kirby was doing with the Fourth World saga.

There is a lot going on in this issue. A man known as Billion-Dollar Bates lives out in the desert with a barrier and deserted town guarded by para-military private security. He's involved with a Satanic cult called "The Sect" who has a ritual space beneath his mansion and wears weird looking masks. He's holding a group of prominent citizens against their will with some "power."

If that isn't enough, someone is infiltrating Bates' compound, wearing the masks of the Sect, and killing his guards. Then the Forever People show up.

Ultimately, we discover that Bates (like time-lost Sonny Sumo) has the "Anti-Life Equation," the innate ability to control minds. Unlike the virtuous Sumo, who worried about ever using the power, Bates has made himself wealth and powerful--and still has the desire to gloat to others about his deeds. It ends badly for him:

The infiltrators are Darkseid and his minions. And accident keeps Darkseid from the Anti-Life Equation: bullets through Bates. This is the second time Kirby has introduced the Equation in the flesh, and the second time he takes it off the table. Presumably he feels if it's ever here to stay he's reached the climax of his story.

With his ribbon tie, big cigar, and jowled face, Mister Bates is a rich man caricature. His very name hints at the self-gratifying nature of his use of the power and the way he has lived his life. He also fancied himself a "wheeler dealer," he tells his captives, but then the Sect revealed the true nature of his power. His life blessings almost literally derive from Satan.

The weirdest thing in this issue is, when confronted with the Forever People, Darkseid starts sort of playing drill sergeant and lines them up to berate them. Later Darkseid reveals it was a ruse to throw the Forever People off-guard, suggesting he fears them a bit. It's not at all how Darkseid is portrayed in the modern DCU.

Notes on a Fourth World Re-read (part 2): Boat to Glory

One thing that virtually all of the continuations of the Fourth World saga by other hands seem to miss is that it isn't just a superhero action epic, but like all good mythologies, there are things going on beneath the surface.

New Gods #6 (on sale in October of 1971), continues Orion's struggle against the Deep Six, a group of Apokiliptian fishmen with the ability to mutate other lifeforms. They are not the best villains of the saga by any means, but Kirby uses them in issue 5 to reveal things about Orion, and in this issue, "Glory Boat!" to tell an allegorical story about war and its human cost.

The setup is almost Biblical. A great sea creature recalling Leviathan and all the primeval, Chaos monsters of the depths, a family, emblematic of humanity as a whole: the bellicose and overbearing father, the "conscientious objector" son, and the daughter who doesn't get to do much between the two's bickering. God of war Orion also has someone to play off here, his friend, Lightray, embodying the enlightenment of New Genesis.

Where Orion's instinct is to destroy his foes, Lightray strives to show a better way, to rehabilitate. He succeeds in transforming one of the Deep Six's creatures into the service of our heroes. Unfortunately, for the humans, the Deep Six are drawn back to the boat.

The father freezes, having some sort of breakdown when confronted with the creatures. The son, the peacenik, goes on the offensive, attacking the Apokoliptian Jafar. Jafars kills him, mutating his face into that of a featureless, metallic mannequin. Lightray opines that the war has taken "another faceless hero."

Lashed to the mast, the father bears witness to what is to come.  Orion and Lightray take the son's body and launch themselves into a possibly final attack against the remaining Deep Three, in an epic two page spread.

But Lightray and Orion are not destined for some Neo-Vahalla just yet. The boy goes "to the Source" and the New Gods live to fight another day. The father, still on the mast amid the wreckage of the ship is left to wonder (as Kirby tells us): "What is a man in the last analysis--his philosophy or himself?"

It's heavy-handed perhaps, but no more so than work of the writers that would come to be seen as seminal figures of the 70s leading the "maturation" of comics.